High Inflation Eroding Export Competitiveness

Following Bangladesh’s decision to ban yarn imports via five land ports—Benapole, Bhomra, Sonamasjid, Banglabandha, and Burimari, which previously handled 30% of India’s yarn exports—Indian producers are shifting toward waterways and sea routes.

Bangladesh’s readymade garment (RMG) exports to the European Union (EU) soared by nearly 37% year-on-year to $3.69 billion in January–February 2025, supported by a 39% rise in shipment volumes. Despite this impressive growth, average unit prices fell by 1.46%, reflecting ongoing profitability challenges.

Poverty in Bangladesh is worsening as inflation consistently outpaces wage growth, leaving millions unable to afford basic necessities. Over the past three years, food and living costs have surged, but incomes have stagnated, pushing almost three million more people into extreme poverty in 2025.

Bangladesh’s high import tariffs-averaging over 27%, nearly triple the global average-have long sparked debate but little reform due to concerns over revenue loss. With the country set to graduate from Least Developed Country (LDC) status next year, experts and business leaders stress the urgent need for tariff rationalisation to maintain export competitiveness.

The Bangladeshi government has suspended its recent decision to sharply increase export fees on raw jute and jute products after significant backlash from industry players. The fee for raw jute exports was set to rise from Tk 2 to Tk 7 per bale, and for jute products from Tk 0.10 to Tk 0.50 per Tk 100—marking a substantial jump after 30 years.

Despite persistent high inflation exceeding 9%, Bangladesh’s public food distribution under social protection schemes dropped by over 7% year-on-year in the first three quarters of FY2024-25, mainly due to political instability and disruptions in local governance. This reduction—from 25.34 lakh tonnes last year to 23.46 lakh tonnes—comes as rising prices continue to strain the poor.